与痴呆症相关的认知障碍（CI）在全球范围内影响超过5500万人，并且每3秒钟以一个新病例的速度迅速增长。随着临床试验反复出现的失败，早期诊断至关重要，但是在低水平和中等收入国家中，全球75％的痴呆症病例未被诊断为90％。众所周知，当前的诊断方法是复杂的，涉及对医学笔记，大量认知测试，昂贵的脑部扫描或脊柱液体测试的手动审查。与CI相关的信息经常在电子健康记录（EHR）中找到，并且可以为早期诊断提供重要线索，但是专家的手动审查是繁琐的，并且容易发生。该项目开发了一种新型的最新自动筛选管道，用于可扩展和高速发现EHR中的CI。为了了解EHR中复杂语言结构的语言环境，构建了一个8,656个序列的数据库，以训练基于注意力的深度学习自然语言处理模型以对序列进行分类。使用序列级别分类器开发了基于逻辑回归的患者级别预测模型。深度学习系统的精度达到了93％，AUC = 0.98，以识别其EHR中没有较早诊断，与痴呆有关的诊断代码或与痴呆有关的药物的患者。否则，这些患者将未被发现或检测到太晚。 EHR筛选管道已部署在Neurahealthnlp中，这是一种用于自动化和实时CI筛选的Web应用程序，只需将EHR上传到浏览器中即可。 Neurahealthnlp更便宜，更快，更容易获得，并且胜过当前的临床方法，包括基于文本的分析和机器学习方法。它使得早期诊断可在稀缺的医疗服务中可行，但可访问的互联网或蜂窝服务。

痴呆症是一种神经退行性疾病，导致认知下降，并影响全世界超过5000万人。痴呆症是由医疗保健专业人士诊断的 - 只有患有痴呆症的四个人中只有一名诊断出来。即使制造诊断，也可能无法作为患者图表中的疾病（ICD）诊断码的结构化国际分类。与认知障碍（CI）有关的信息通常在电子健康记录（EHR）中发现，但专家临床医生票据的手工审查既耗时，往往容易出错。本票据的自动化挖掘为在EHR数据中标记有认知障碍患者的机会。我们开发了自然语言处理（NLP）工具，以识别具有认知障碍的患者，并证明语言背景提高了认知障碍分类任务的性能。我们微调我们的注意力深入学习模型，可以从复杂的语言结构中学习，并且相对于基线NLP模型的精度（0.93）大大提高（0.84）。此外，我们表明深度学习NLP可以成功识别没有痴呆相关的ICD代码或药物的痴呆症患者。

We consider the problem of continually releasing an estimate of the population mean of a stream of samples that is user-level differentially private (DP). At each time instant, a user contributes a sample, and the users can arrive in arbitrary order. Until now these requirements of continual release and user-level privacy were considered in isolation. But, in practice, both these requirements come together as the users often contribute data repeatedly and multiple queries are made. We provide an algorithm that outputs a mean estimate at every time instant $t$ such that the overall release is user-level $\varepsilon$-DP and has the following error guarantee: Denoting by $M_t$ the maximum number of samples contributed by a user, as long as $\tilde{\Omega}(1/\varepsilon)$ users have $M_t/2$ samples each, the error at time $t$ is $\tilde{O}(1/\sqrt{t}+\sqrt{M}_t/t\varepsilon)$. This is a universal error guarantee which is valid for all arrival patterns of the users. Furthermore, it (almost) matches the existing lower bounds for the single-release setting at all time instants when users have contributed equal number of samples.

Multi-Scale and U-shaped Networks are widely used in various image restoration problems, including deblurring. Keeping in mind the wide range of applications, we present a comparison of these architectures and their effects on image deblurring. We also introduce a new block called as NFResblock. It consists of a Fast Fourier Transformation layer and a series of modified Non-Linear Activation Free Blocks. Based on these architectures and additions, we introduce NFResnet and NFResnet+, which are modified multi-scale and U-Net architectures, respectively. We also use three different loss functions to train these architectures: Charbonnier Loss, Edge Loss, and Frequency Reconstruction Loss. Extensive experiments on the Deep Video Deblurring dataset, along with ablation studies for each component, have been presented in this paper. The proposed architectures achieve a considerable increase in Peak Signal to Noise (PSNR) ratio and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) value.

Soft actuators have attracted a great deal of interest in the context of rehabilitative and assistive robots for increasing safety and lowering costs as compared to rigid-body robotic systems. During actuation, soft actuators experience high levels of deformation, which can lead to microscale fractures in their elastomeric structure, which fatigues the system over time and eventually leads to macroscale damages and eventually failure. This paper reports finite element modeling (FEM) of pneu-nets at high angles, along with repetitive experimentation at high deformation rates, in order to study the effect and behavior of fatigue in soft robotic actuators, which would result in deviation from the ideal behavior. Comparing the FEM model and experimental data, we show that FEM can model the performance of the actuator before fatigue to a bending angle of 167 degrees with ~96% accuracy. We also show that the FEM model performance will drop to 80% due to fatigue after repetitive high-angle bending. The results of this paper objectively highlight the emergence of fatigue over cyclic activation of the system and the resulting deviation from the computational FEM model. Such behavior can be considered in future controllers to adapt the system with time-variable and non-autonomous response dynamics of soft robots.

As Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are increasingly deployed in safety critical and privacy sensitive applications such as autonomous driving and biometric authentication, it is critical to understand the fault-tolerance nature of DNNs. Prior work primarily focuses on metrics such as Failures In Time (FIT) rate and the Silent Data Corruption (SDC) rate, which quantify how often a device fails. Instead, this paper focuses on quantifying the DNN accuracy given that a transient error has occurred, which tells us how well a network behaves when a transient error occurs. We call this metric Resiliency Accuracy (RA). We show that existing RA formulation is fundamentally inaccurate, because it incorrectly assumes that software variables (model weights/activations) have equal faulty probability under hardware transient faults. We present an algorithm that captures the faulty probabilities of DNN variables under transient faults and, thus, provides correct RA estimations validated by hardware. To accelerate RA estimation, we reformulate RA calculation as a Monte Carlo integration problem, and solve it using importance sampling driven by DNN specific heuristics. Using our lightweight RA estimation method, we show that transient faults lead to far greater accuracy degradation than what todays DNN resiliency tools estimate. We show how our RA estimation tool can help design more resilient DNNs by integrating it with a Network Architecture Search framework.

We present RecD (Recommendation Deduplication), a suite of end-to-end infrastructure optimizations across the Deep Learning Recommendation Model (DLRM) training pipeline. RecD addresses immense storage, preprocessing, and training overheads caused by feature duplication inherent in industry-scale DLRM training datasets. Feature duplication arises because DLRM datasets are generated from interactions. While each user session can generate multiple training samples, many features' values do not change across these samples. We demonstrate how RecD exploits this property, end-to-end, across a deployed training pipeline. RecD optimizes data generation pipelines to decrease dataset storage and preprocessing resource demands and to maximize duplication within a training batch. RecD introduces a new tensor format, InverseKeyedJaggedTensors (IKJTs), to deduplicate feature values in each batch. We show how DLRM model architectures can leverage IKJTs to drastically increase training throughput. RecD improves the training and preprocessing throughput and storage efficiency by up to 2.49x, 1.79x, and 3.71x, respectively, in an industry-scale DLRM training system.

本文研究了与可解释的AI（XAI）实践有关的两个不同但相关的问题。机器学习（ML）在金融服务中越来越重要，例如预批准，信用承销，投资以及各种前端和后端活动。机器学习可以自动检测培训数据中的非线性和相互作用，从而促进更快，更准确的信用决策。但是，机器学习模型是不透明的，难以解释，这是建立可靠技术所需的关键要素。该研究比较了各种机器学习模型，包括单个分类器（逻辑回归，决策树，LDA，QDA），异质集合（Adaboost，随机森林）和顺序神经网络。结果表明，整体分类器和神经网络的表现优于表现。此外，使用基于美国P2P贷款平台Lending Club提供的开放式访问数据集评估了两种先进的事后不可解释能力 - 石灰和外形来评估基于ML的信用评分模型。对于这项研究，我们还使用机器学习算法来开发新的投资模型，并探索可以最大化盈利能力同时最大程度地降低风险的投资组合策略。

执法和城市安全受到监视系统中的暴力事件的严重影响。尽管现代（智能）相机广泛可用且负担得起，但在大多数情况下，这种技术解决方案无能为力。此外，监测CCTV记录的人员经常显示出迟来的反应，从而导致对人和财产的灾难。因此，对迅速行动的暴力自动检测至关重要。拟议的解决方案使用了一种新颖的端到端深度学习视频视觉变压器（Vivit），可以在视频序列中熟练地辨别战斗，敌对运动和暴力事件。该研究提出了利用数据增强策略来克服较弱的电感偏见的缺点，同时在较小的培训数据集中训练视觉变压器。评估的结果随后可以发送给当地有关当局，可以分析捕获的视频。与最先进的（SOTA）相比，所提出的方法在某些具有挑战性的基准数据集上实现了吉祥的性能。

用于分析化学数据的计算技术的引入引起了对生物系统的分析研究，称为“生物信息学”。生物信息学的一个方面是使用机器学习（ML）技术在各种情况下检测多变量趋势。最紧迫的情况之一是预测血脑屏障（BBB）的渗透性。治疗中枢神经系统疾病的新药物的开发由于在血脑屏障中的渗透功效不佳而带来了独特的挑战。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过分析化学特征的ML模型来减轻此问题。这样做：（i）给出了相关的生物系统和过程以及用例的概述。 （ii）第二，对检测BBB渗透性的现有计算技术进行了深入的文献综述。从那里开始，确定了跨电流技术的一个方面，并提出了解决方案。 （iii）最后，开发，测试和反映了通过被动扩散在整个BBB上具有确定特征的药物渗透性的两部分，以量化具有定义特征的药物的渗透性。使用数据集进行的测试和验证确定预测LOGBB模型的平方误差约为0.112单位，而神经炎症模型的均方误差约为0.3个单位，胜过所有相关研究。